Foto Manipulasi Sebelum Era Digital

Walaupun fotografi digital dan imej editing perisian telah membawa kesedaran meningkat sejauh mana imej kamera boleh dimanipulasi, amalan gambar pendoktoran telah wujud sejak sederhana dicipta. Menipu: Fotografi termanipulasi Sebelum Photoshop di Muzium Seni Metropolitan pameran utama yang pertama ditumpukan kepada sejarah fotografi dimanipulasi sebelum era digital.
Mempunyai kira-kira 200 visual menawan gambar diwujudkan antara-tahun 1840-an dan 1990-an dalam perkhidmatan seni, politik, berita, hiburan, dan perdagangan, pameran itu menawarkan satu perspektif baru provokatif pada sejarah fotografi sebagai ia kesan hubungan yang sederhana ini kompleks dan berubah untuk visual kebenaran.
Gambar-gambar dalam pameran itu telah diubah menggunakan pelbagai teknik, termasuk pelbagai pendedahan (mengambil dua atau lebih gambar pada negatif tunggal), percetakan gabungan (menghasilkan cetakan tunggal dari unsur-unsur dua atau lebih negatif), photomontage, overpainting, dan retouching pada negatif atau cetak. Dalam setiap kes, makna dan kandungan imej kamera telah ketara berubah dalam proses manipulasi.

Untuk maklumat lanjut, sila layari:
http://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-museum/press-room/exhibitions/2012/faking-it

1. Man on Rooftop with Eleven Men in Formation on His Shoulders, c1930

Unknown Artist, American School
Man on Rooftop with Eleven Men in Formation on His Shoulders
ca. 1930
Gelatin silver print
Collection of George Eastman House
Photo Courtesy: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

2. Dream No. 1: “Electrical Appliances for the Home”, c1950

Grete Stern
Sueño No. 1: “Articulos eléctricos para el hogar” | Dream No. 1: “Electrical Appliances for the Home”
ca. 1950
Gelatin silver print
Twentieth-Century Photography Fund, 2012
Courtesy of Galería Jorge Mara – La Ruche, Buenos Aires

3. A Powerful Collision, 1910s

Unknown Artist, German School
A Powerful Collision
1910s Gelatin silver print The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Funds from various donors, 2010
Photo Courtesy: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

4. Room with Eye, 1930

Maurice Tabard (French, Lyons 1897–1984 Nice)
Roger Parry (French, 1905–1977)
Room with Eye
1930
Gelatin silver print
The Elisha Whittelsey Collection, The Elisha Whittelsey Fund, 1962
Photo Courtesy: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

5. Lenin and Stalin in Gorky, 1922 (1949)

Unknown Artist, Russian
Lenin and Stalin in Gorky, 1922
1949
Gelatin silver print with applied media
Ryna and David Alexander
Photo Courtesy: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

6. Dirigible Docked on Empire State Building, New York, 1930

Unknown Artist, American
Dirigible Docked on Empire State Building, New York
1930
Gelatin silver print
Twentieth-Century Photography Fund, 2011
Photo Courtesy: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

7. Hearst Over the People, 1939

Barbara Morgan (American, 1900–1992)
Hearst Over the People
1939
Collage of gelatin silver prints with applied media
The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri
Photo Courtesy: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

8. Two-Headed Man, 1855

Unknown Artist, American
Two-Headed Man
ca. 1855
Daguerreotype
Nelson-Atkins Museum
Photo Courtesy: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

9. Fading Away, 1858

Henry Peach Robinson (English, 1830–1901)
Fading Away
1858
Albumen silver print from glass negatives
The Royal Photographic Society at the National Media Museum
Photo Courtesy: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

10. Colorado Springs, Colorado, c1913

William Henry Jackson (American, 1843–1942)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
ca. 1913
Collage of gelatin silver prints with applied media
Amon Carter Museum of American Art, Fort Worth, Texas
Photo Courtesy: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

11. Cloud Study, 1856/7

Gustave Le Gray (French, 1820–1884)
Cloud Study
1856-1857
Albumen silver print from glass negatives
Maurice Sendak
The Estate of Maurice Sendak

12. Aberdeen Portraits No. 1, 1857

George Washington Wilson (Scottish, 1823–1893)
Aberdeen Portraits No. 1
1857
Albumen print from glass negative
The Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation Fund, through Joyce and Robert Menschel, 2011
Photo Courtesy: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

13. The Vision (Orpheus Scene), 1907

F. Holland Day (American, Norwood, Massachusetts 1864–1933 Norwood, Massachusetts)
The Vision (Orpheus Scene)
1907
Platinum print
National Media Museum
Photo Courtesy: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

14. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec as Artist and Model, 1892

Maurice Guibert (French, 1856–1913)
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (French, Albi 1864–1901 Saint-André-du-Bois)
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec as Artist and Model
1892
Gelatin silver print
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Gift of Henry P. Mcllhenny, 1982-14-2
Photo Courtesy: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

15. Man Juggling His Own Head, c1880

Saint Thomas D’Aquin
Man Juggling His Own Head
De Torbéchet, Allain & C.
ca. 1880
Albumen silver print.
Collection of Christophe Goeury
Photo Courtesy: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

                       

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